Director’s Message 

I am pleased to share the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey’s (WGNHS) 2024 Year in Review! It summarizes our main geological mapping projects, groundwater studies, data preservation efforts, and outreach activities from the last year and highlights the variety of new maps, data sets, and other products published by our talented staff and network of important collaborators (Fig. 1).

As you read the summaries below, you’ll find it’s been a busy and highly productive year for the WGNHS. In addition to over 30 ongoing projects, we began new ones to evaluate groundwater contributions to Wisconsin’s Lake Superior coastal wetlands, simulate groundwater flow in the fractured Silurian dolomite aquifer in northeast Wisconsin, and characterize aquitards in support of water supply and water quality concerns in southwestern Wisconsin, among others.

Geologic mapping also remains core to the WGNHS mission of understanding the earth, charting its history, and sustaining its resources. Our statewide partners understand the utility of our mapping products for assessing mineral and aggregate resources, locating water-supply wells, siting transportation systems, and many other issues, but a new report released in early 2025 also demonstrates a significant return on investment. The American Geosciences Institute (AGI) in collaboration with the Association of American State Geologists (AASG) released the report. It provides the first nationwide economic analysis of geological mapping, and for Wisconsin, the benefits for government, industry, business, and the state as a whole are clear. The percentage of gross domestic product that relies on geologic maps to support economic activities in the Great Lakes/Great Plains region, where Wisconsin is located, is an impressive 37.8%. The report identifies that geologic mapping in this region is particularly impactful in groundwater resource planning, infrastructure development, and risk mitigation in land use planning.

For over 125 years the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (WGNHS) has provided objective scientific information about Wisconsin’s geology, mineral resources, and water resources, and it is an honor to share our new accomplishments. Thank you for your continued support and please consider donating to the WGNHS to further our ability to provide trusted scientific information and respond to the diverse needs of the residents of Wisconsin.

Sue Swanson, WGNHS Director and State Geologist

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Highlights from the last year

Geologic Studies

In the last year, mapping products included a range of scales and formats representing technological advances in the geosciences and the creativity and expertise of WGNHS staff members.

Surficial geologic mapping

The WGNHS recently published a new 1:500,000-scale statewide map of the Quaternary Geology of Wisconsin (Fig. 2). This map was fifty years in the making. It updates and improves a map originally published in 1976. Led by Elmo Rawling and Eric Carson, map authors integrated modern data from laser-based elevation surveys, new county-scale geologic maps, and well drilling records to create a comprehensive and more accurate set of sedimentary units and landforms across the state. Caroline Rose contributed cartographic expertise, and the result is an informative and beautiful map that tells the fascinating history of our landscape for outdoor enthusiasts and provides critical information to county officials, private construction companies, and science educators, among others.

Quaternary geologists Eric Carson, Liz Ceperley, Elmo Rawling, Kacie Stolzman, and John Attig continued fieldwork to support 1:100,000-scale mapping in multiple Wisconsin counties including Ashland, Bayfield, Burnett, Price, Jackson, Jefferson, Green, and Trempealeau. Additionally, the publication process is underway for new 1:100,000 scale surficial geologic mapping in the Driftless Area of southwestern Wisconsin, focusing on features represented in Crawford, Richland, and Vernon counties. The Driftless Area has been the subject of a concerted, holistic surficial geologic mapping program led by Eric Carson over the past ~15 years. The Crawford, Richland, and Vernon County maps will be the first of a series of maps and reports that are supported by high-resolution lidar topographic data and extensive Geoprobe and Rotosonic coring to evaluate the nature of unconsolidated sediment down to the bedrock surface.

Elmo Rawling continued to work with Luke Zoet (UW–Madison) and Ethan Theuerkauf (Michigan State University) to study glacial and nearshore landscapes in Wisconsin. This research includes UW–Madison graduate students Chelsea Volpano, Jillian Prescott, and Francisca A. Núñez Ferreira. The glacial landscape team published papers in the in the journal Earth Surface Processes and Landforms describing eskers and kettles. The nearshore landscape team published papers on impacts of ice on sediment budgets in Geomorphology  and the Journal of Great Lakes Research.

Bedrock geologic mapping

Geologic mapping to reveal the distribution, composition, age, and structure of bedrock in Wisconsin is proceeding across the state. Our maps not only aid in understanding the geological history of Wisconsin, but also assist our partners in locating resources, planning infrastructure, and assessing environmental hazards.

In southwestern Wisconsin, Billy Fitzpatrick and Eric Stewart published 1:24,000-scale geologic maps of the Highland West and Highland East 7.5-minute quadrangles in Iowa County (Fig. 3). These quadrangles are located at the northern edge of the Upper Mississippi Valley mining district. The work complements 1:24,000-scale geologic maps of the Fennimore, Mt. Hope, Stitzer, and western half of the Montfort quadrangles in nearby Grant County, previously published by Eric Stewart, Sarah Bremmer, Billy Fitzpatrick, Steve Mauel, Bill Batten, Allison Kusick, and Natalie McNall. Billy is continuing work in Iowa County with new 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping of the Pleasant Ridge and Jonesdale 7.5-minute quadrangles, which offers opportunities to study bedrock features spatially associated with lead-zinc sulfide mineralization.

New 1:100,000-scale bedrock geologic mapping of Grant County, also by Eric Stewart, Sarah Bremmer, Billy Fitzpatrick, and Steve Mauel, is nearly ready for release in the WGNHS Bulletin Series. The map was constructed as a fully three-dimensional product, with supplementary data that include rasters (3D surfaces) of all unit contacts with an 18 m grid resolution. The map and associated report will provide new baseline information on the distribution of geologic units and interpretation of gentle folds and small faults that deform the Paleozoic sequence.

Also nearing publication are 1:24,000-scale maps of the Eastman, Harpers Ferry, Ferryville, and Lansing quadrangles in west-central Crawford County. The mapping, conducted by Sarah Bremmer, Billy Fitzpatrick, and Eric Stewart, supports the Wisconsin Department of Transportation’s ongoing efforts to mitigate slope failures along the Highway 35 corridor, which runs adjacent to the Mississippi River.

In Lafayette County, Eric Stewart, Sarah Bremmer, Billy Fitzpatrick, Steve Mauel, and Matt Rehwald continued bedrock geologic mapping. 2024 marked the final year of a multi-year effort to map the entire county at 1:100,000-scale. The project was initiated to support groundwater studies in the area. Most wells in Lafayette County pump groundwater from bedrock aquifers, and a recent study found that many private wells have elevated concentrations of nitrate or bacteria. A better understanding of the three-dimensional distribution of bedrock units will help characterize and conserve groundwater quality.

In southeastern Wisconsin, Esther Stewart published a 1:100,000-scale bedrock map of Jefferson County. The new mapping interprets the distribution of the bedrock surface that is buried beneath glacial sediments as interpreted by three drill cores, over 13,000 well construction reports, examination of well cuttings, and 34 geochemical profiles of boreholes. The map includes a cross-section, a raster of the buried bedrock elevation surface, and a geochemical data set. Esther continues work with Maureen Muldoon, Pete Chase, and Carsyn Ames characterizing the hydrogeologic properties of the Sinnipee Group dolostone in the region and mapping of the elevation of several buried bedrock layers including the base of the Platteville Formation (Sinnipee Group), base of the Galena Formation (Sinnipee Group), and the base of the Ancell Group.

Esther Stewart, Dave Hart, Lisa Haas, and Natalie McNall also continue mapping to generate subsurface geologic characterization of the Maquoketa Group, an important aquitard in eastern Wisconsin.  The project uses rock core collected in eastern Wisconsin and airborne electromagnetic data collected through a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP), and WGNHS (Fig. 4).

The WGNHS published an updated depth-to-bedrock raster surface over a 4,750 square-mile area in eastern Wisconsin, where Silurian-aged bedrock is shallow, fractured, and contains groundwater that is susceptible to surface water contamination. The mapping, conducted by Lisa Haas, Matt Rehwald, Dave Hart, and Cody Calkins, supports revisions to Wisconsin state rules ATCP50 and NR151 that regulate manure spreading over this Silurian-aged bedrock.  The work was supported by DATCP Soil and Water Resource Management. It is available for download as a WGNHS Data Series and can be viewed in an interactive web map that displays the depth-to-bedrock surface.

Subsurface mapping in support of water supply and water quality concerns in Grant and Outagamie counties began in 2024. In Grant County, Sarah Bremmer is creating a 1:100,000-scale isopach map of the Glenwood Shale, which can act as a bedrock aquitard.  A better understanding of the three-dimensional distribution of the Glenwood Shale is necessary to guide future well-construction practices and limit cross-connection between the region’s two major bedrock aquifers. Billy Fitzpatrick is characterizing the structure and composition of bedrock units in three 7.5-minute quadrangles in Outagamie County to clarify sources of arsenic contamination in groundwater. The work builds on previous geochemical and mapping studies that identified elevated arsenic in the sulfide cement horizon at the top of the Ancell Group. The more detailed three-dimensional mapping of the subsurface at 1:24,000 scale will be helpful for determining potential sources of arsenic to private wells in the region.

Additional Quaternary and bedrock geology projects

Eric Stewart, Esther Stewart, and Billy Fitzpatrick published a 1:24,000-scale geologic map of the Durwards Glen 7.5-minute quadrangle, including two cross-sections. This geologic map comprises Precambrian through Quaternary units and complements previously published maps of the adjacent North Freedom, Baraboo, and Rock Springs quadrangles. New mapping focused on subdividing the Baraboo Quartzite into four separate members and delineating Quaternary deposits in greater detail than prior work. A related effort to compile a new 1:50,000-scale map of the Baraboo Hills is currently in the publication process.

Eric Stewart began a project to map the bedrock and surficial geology of two 7.5-minute quadrangles (Weston and Menomonie South) in Dunn County at 1:24,000 scale. This project is guiding the planning of future bedrock mapping of the entire county at 1:100,000 scale.  Anna Fehling, Esther Stewart, Nick Rompa, Nat Stephens (ExxonMobil, retired), Carsyn Ames, and Pete Chase are all collaborating on this work.

Esther Stewart is finalizing her doctoral dissertation with Annie Bauer (UW–Madison) this spring. In 2024, Esther drafted two papers that investigate the chemistry of the water column and pore fluids during deposition of the ~1 billion-year-old Nonesuch Formation.  This work focuses on the isotopic and trace element composition of the carbonates and detrital sediments in these rocks. Their chemistry preserves clues about ancient redox conditions, salinity, and productivity that may have influenced the evolution of early eukaryotes.

Sarah Bremmer and Pete Schoephoester are compiling downhole bedrock stratigraphic unit records from the WGNHS Geobase dataset to support the National Geologic Map Database (NGMDB). They are nearly complete with a review of approximately 5,700 downhole datasets consisting of approximately 35,000 bedrock lithologic and stratigraphic unit records. The records are being checked for compliance with Geolex (the national geologic lexicon) and compiled into a spreadsheet complete with required borehole metadata. This project directly benefits bedrock mapping efforts at the WGNHS as well as USGS efforts to develop an archive of geoscience information from across the nation.

Participation in the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (NCGMP)

WGNHS receives annual grants for bedrock and surficial geologic mapping from the U.S. Geological Survey’s NCGMP, which comprises seven programs including STATEMAP, the Great Lakes Geologic Mapping Coalition (GLGMC), and Earth MRI. WGNHS would not be able to deliver the range of mapping products described above without these important programs. STATEMAP and GLGMC proposals from WGNHS are reviewed by the Wisconsin Geologic Mapping Advisory Committee. The 2024 STATEMAP proposal received $574,240 in funding and supports four mapping projects in four counties across western and southern Wisconsin, as well as subsurface mapping in Grant and Outagamie counties and of the Maquoketa Group in northeastern Wisconsin.

GLGMC funds surficial geologic mapping in the eight states that border the Great Lakes, and WGNHS received $91,055 in funding for our 2024 GLGMC proposal. It includes surficial geologic mapping and collection of deep Rotosonic cores in southern Price County. Earth MRI provides resources to state geological surveys and industry partners to conduct geologic mapping and collect geophysical data to inventory critical economic and strategic minerals in the United States. WGNHS received $207,269 for a three-year (2024-27) mapping project at the northern edge of the Upper Mississippi Valley mining district in Iowa County (discussed above). WGNHS also continued collaborating with the Illinois State Geological Survey and the Iowa Geological Survey on an Earth MRI project to collect geochemical data in the Upper Mississippi Valley mining district, compile historic mine information, and create subsurface maps of the ore districts.

Participation in the National Geological and Geophysical Data Preservation Program (NGGDPP)

The NGGDPP program provides funding to retrieve, preserve, protect, and catalog geologic collections, including physical samples, datasets, photographs, field notes, and other records. The WGNHS received $79,345 in funding for our 2024 Data Preservation proposal. Data preservation projects, led by Brad Gottschalk and Carsyn Ames and completed in 2024, include: Digitizing drilling logs in the lead-zinc district of southwestern Wisconsin from the Mineral Development Atlas, identifying and cataloging historical rock core samples stored at our samples repository in Mt. Horeb, purchasing a new forklift for our samples repository, and re-boxing historical well and drill hole cuttings from the lead-zinc district.

Groundwater Studies

Wisconsin Groundwater–Level Monitoring Network (WGLMN)

The WGNHS continues to participate in the Wisconsin Groundwater-Level Monitoring Network with support from the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Ground-Water Monitoring Network (NGWMN) program. Pete Chase, Sarah Bremmer, and Irene Lippelt work closely with our network partners at the USGS Upper Midwest Water Science Center and the DNR to operate, maintain, and manage the network. In 2024, the team published an open file report summarizing network improvements between 2020-2022.  Field work has also been completed on our NGWMN 2022-2024 grant including installing continuous monitoring equipment in 17 network wells (one with real-time telemetry in Portage County), installing a new well in Eau Claire County and a nested piezometer in LaFayette County, and replacing wells in Langlade, Marinette, Monroe, and Portage counties (Fig. 5).

Burnett County Groundwater Update

WGNHS completed surficial geologic mapping and groundwater-related maps including maps of water-table elevation, groundwater recharge, depth-to-water-table, depth-to-bedrock, and groundwater susceptibility to contamination. Amy Wiersma and Elmo Rawling presented project results in collaboration with Kevin Masarik (UW–Stevens Point, Center for Watershed Science and Education) to the Burnett County Board and the St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin in early 2025. The WGNHS team, including Amy Wiersma, Mark Johnson, Maureen Muldoon, Elmo Rawling, Matt Rehwald, Nick Rompa, and Pete Schoephoester, are working towards publication in the next year.

Inventory of Flowing Artesian Wells in Bayfield County

G.E. Graham, Sue Swanson, and Pete Chase published an inventory of flowing artesian wells in Bayfield County. Flowing artesian wells are a remarkable resource of high-quality water that both community members and tourists value. The report compiles well characteristics and flow rates, provides baseline water quality data, and describes water sources to the flowing wells.

Hydrogeology of the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest (CNNF)

G.E. Graham, Sue Swanson, and Pete Chase continued several groundwater studies in the CNNF, all funded by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). The region contains numerous groundwater-dependent water resources that may be vulnerable to potential effects of land development, mining, and climate change. To monitor water quality over time, 138 lakes, streams, wetlands, spring ponds, springs, and wells were sampled in 2011-2016 and resampled in 2021-2022. Results of this water quality inventory were published in 2024, including a factsheet, summary report, and water quality database.

G.E. Graham, Sue Swanson, and Pete Chase also continued a project at the Bend site along the North Fork of the Yellow River in Taylor County to improve understanding of the local hydrogeology and document baseline water chemistry. Ongoing permit negotiations for mineral exploration at the site prompted this effort. This work has support from the Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission (GLIFWC).

Monitoring of lake and groundwater levels and water quality trends near Pigeon Lake in Bayfield County concluded in 2024. Seepage lakes in the region are vulnerable to groundwater flooding, and Pigeon Lake experienced extreme flooding in 2018. Lake levels are dropping steadily but remain high. G.E. Graham, Sue Swanson, Pete Chase, and Mike Cardiff (UW–Madison) have begun incorporating field data into a groundwater flow model, which is intended to inform the lake system’s response to future climate scenarios.

Groundwater Quality in the Central Sands region of Wisconsin

Dave Hart, Emily Baker (Hamilton College), Thea Showalter, and Trey Coury are working to understand nitrate transport in the Central Sand Plains of Wisconsin. They are using the Central Sands Lake Study Model, land use data, and nitrate concentrations collected from groundwater-fed streams to test correlation between land use and nitrate observed in streams. They are developing a web-based tool that can generate times of travel from source to wells and streams and show current land use at the groundwater source areas.  The work is supported through the USGS National Institutes for Water Resources Program.

Southwest Wisconsin hydrogeology

Maureen Muldoon continued to collaborate with Joel Stokdyk and Tucker Burch (USGS) on a two-year project funded through the Joint Solicitation for Groundwater Monitoring Proposals and entitled “Risk from pathogens and exposure to antibiotic resistance genes in private wells in southwest Wisconsin including Grant, Lafayette, and Iowa counties”. Maureen Muldoon and Nick Rompa are also continuing work on a new 1:100,000-scale water-table map for Grant County. Water-table mapping is especially challenging because the region is characterized by varied topography and a complex multi-aquifer system with individual aquifers separated by leaky confining units.

NR151 monitoring project

Maureen Muldoon, Pete Chase, and G.E. Graham continued monitoring to assess the impact of DNR rule NR151 at one spring site in Calumet County and one farm (well) site in Door County with support by the Wisconsin Coastal Management Program (Fig. 6). They collected monthly samples for nitrate-N and bacteria and began pathogen sampling in October 2024. The NR151 legislative code regulates the spreading of agricultural manure in locations such as eastern Wisconsin, where groundwater resources in thinly buried Silurian dolomite are particularly sensitive to surface contamination.

Groundwater flow modeling in Kewaunee and southern Door counties

The fractured Silurian dolomite aquifer in northeast Wisconsin is vulnerable to groundwater contamination from land-use activities, especially the disposal of human wastewater and dairy manure, which have caused elevated nitrate concentrations and bacteria levels. To assist with predicting aquifer behavior and responding to water quality concerns, Maureen Muldoon, Anna Fehling, Ken Bradbury, and Randy Hunt (USGS) are developing a preliminary numerical model of groundwater flow for Kewaunee and southern Door counties. The model will be used to identify areas of uncertainty so that future field data collection efforts can target those areas for model calibration. The work is being conducted in partnership with Door County Soil and Water Conservation and Kewaunee County Land and Water Conservation and is supported through the Wisconsin Coastal Management Program.

Protecting Wisconsin’s Lake Superior coastal resources

Maureen Muldoon and Anna Fehling are leading a project to evaluate groundwater contributions to Wisconsin’s Lake Superior coastal wetlands. The major tasks are to develop hydrogeologic cross-sections along six to eight transects that border Lake Superior and assess groundwater interactions in different wetland community types. The team includes Sarah Bremmer, Pete Chase, G.E. Graham, and Dave Hart. The project is being conducted in collaboration with the DNR’s Water Use Section and Office of Great Waters and is funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative.

School District of Abbotsford collaboration

Pete Chase, Mel Reusche, and Amy Wiersma received funding from the DNR Source Water Protection Group for a project in Abbotsford (Marathon County). WGNHS installed monitoring wells near one of the city’s two well fields, which is adjacent to the public-school campus.  High nitrate levels in groundwater and a shift from row crops to prairie on school district property offers an opportunity to assess potential changes in nitrate levels resulting from a change in land use. The project was integrated into the Abbotsford School curriculum with elementary and high school classes visiting the drill site during the well installation.  WGNHS hopes to continue the collaboration with the schools as the project moves into a monitoring phase.

Other Major Accomplishments

Outreach and access

Over the last year, WGNHS has participated in more than 40 educational outreach activities in 18 counties for the public, industry groups, government, and other state, local, and national partners (Fig. 7). Amy Wiersma has continued to make progress with UW-Extension Colleagues on a UW-Extension Innovation Grant-funded project to develop a series of online groundwater educational modules, with the goal of launching all modules by August 2025. Additionally, Caroline Rose began a project funded with a UW-Extension Innovation Grant to increase the accessibility of WGNHS geologic maps.

Wisconsin Idea Collaboration Grant

Ian Orland and WGNHS Research Associate Shaun Marcott (UW–Madison), with Samuel Pratsch (UW–Madison Extension), Mel Reusche (UW–Madison, WGNHS), and Cave of the Mounds staff, were awarded a Wisconsin Idea Collaboration Grant in 2023, funded by UW–Madison Division of Extension and the Vice Chancellor for Research and Graduate Education. Over the past year, the project team has collaborated with Cave of the Mounds educational staff to create displays that will increase public awareness about the impacts of climate change and how research at Cave of the Mounds tells us about Wisconsin’s climate history. These displays will be presented summer 2025 and evaluated for their educational impact. Separately, Ian Orland and Mel Reusche led tours at Cave of the Mounds for rising freshman UW–Madison students in the Summer Collegiate Experience program and the Richardson School, a therapeutic day school that works with kids with developmental and neurological disabilities.

WGNHS/AIPG Internship program

UW–Madison student Shayla Barrera-Skibinski was our 2024 WGNHS/AIPG undergraduate intern. Under the guidance of WGNHS geologists Sarah Bremmer and Eric Stewart, Shayla successfully completed and published a 1:12,000-scale geologic map of Mill Bluff State Park. The work provides baseline geologic information on the remarkable bluff features that dot the area, as well as insights into bluff formation. This internship was funded in part by the Wisconsin Chapter of the American Institute of Professional Geologists (AIPG).

Recent Publications

Over the last year, the Publications Team consisting of Ian Orland and Liz Ceperley coordinated peer-review and production of nine new WGNHS publications by WGNHS staff and collaborators. You can find these products, and all our archived publications, in the Publication Catalog on our website.

Reports

• Barrera-Skibinski, S.M., Bremmer, S.E., and Stewart, E.D., 2024, Geologic map of Mill Bluff State Park, Monroe and Juneau Counties, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Open-File Report 2024–03, 12 p., 1 pl., scale 1:12,000, https://doi.org/10.54915/yqay6786.
• Bremmer, S.E., Chase, P.M., and Parsen M.J., 2024, Wisconsin groundwater-level monitoring network improvements, 2020–2022: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Open-File Report 2024–04, 288 p., https://doi.org/10.54915/wqmy8864.
• Graham, G.E., Swanson, S.K., and Chase, P.M., 2024, Inventory and analysis of flowing artesian wells in Bayfield County, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Open-File Report 2024–01, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.54915/lttb9848.
• Stewart, E.D., Stewart, E.K., and Fitzpatrick, W.A., 2024, Geologic map of the Durwards Glen 7.5-Minute quadrangle, Columbia and Sauk Counties, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Open-File Report 2024–02, 1 pl., scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.54915/tbkd9460.

Maps

• Fitzpatrick, W.A., and Stewart, E.D., 2024, Geologic map of the Highland West and Highland East 7.5-Minute quadrangles, Grant and Iowa Counties, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Map 510, 15 p., 1 pl., scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.54915/xqaf2637.
• Rawling III, J.E., Carson, E.C., Attig, J.W., Mickelson, D.M., Mode, W.N., Johnson, M.D., Syverson, K.M., 2025, Quaternary Geology of Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Map 512, 1 pl., scale 1:500,000, https://doi.org/10.54915/xqpw9883.
• Stewart, E.K., 2024, Bedrock geology of Jefferson County, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Map 511, 5 p., 1 pl., scale 1:100,000, https://doi.org/10.54915/xeeb5653.

Data Series

• Haas, L.D.; Rehwald, M.J.; Hart, D.J.; Calkins, C.A., 2025, Depth to Silurian Bedrock in Eastern Wisconsin: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Data Series 004, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.48358/ihyi3520.
• Swanson, S.K., Graham, G.E., and Chase, P.M., 2024, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest water quality database: Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Data Series 003, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.48358/mhqa1786.

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WGNHS people during 2024

Staff

During 2024, we welcomed new staff members Anna Fehling (Hydrogeologist), Mel Reusche (Communications and Outreach Specialist), and Adam Maus (Web Developer). We also said farewell to Lisa Haas (Geoscientist) as she embarked on new adventures.

Staff 2024

Students

In 2024, WGNHS employed 32 student workers who assisted WGNHS staff with a wide variety of tasks.

Students 2024

WGMAC Members

The Wisconsin Geologic Mapping Advisory Committee (WGMAC) is a group that advises WGNHS on local, regional, and statewide geological mapping needs for Wisconsin. WGMAC meets annually to review and approve mapping plans that WGNHS then proposes to grant programs within the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program.

WGMAC 2024

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